A backup is an extra copy of a file or a full folder of files that you keep in a different location than the original. (There's not plenty of value in making backups and keeping them for a passing fancy hard drive as the original, and for that matter, it also doesn't make a lot of sense to back up on a storage medium like a CD, DVD, or flash memory key and then keep them in the same travel bag as your laptop computer; if the bag and computer are stolen, your backups will accompany them.)
Some programs, including word processors, let you create version backups (which aren't just like backups) to guard against data loss. A version backup is a copy of whatever file you're currently working on before you began changing the current version. This valuable tool is for when you change your mind and wish to go back in its history to that earlier version, but generally the version backup is stored on a single hard drive as the original.
Choosing files for backup
What sort of files should be backed up? The short answer is: anything of value to you that would be difficult or important to replace. Definitely make backups of the following:
- Any word- processing files for projects in progress
- Anything that records important personal information, financial or legal records, and receipts
- Music
- Photos
- Video
- Important correspondence that arrives (or departs) via your e- mail program. (However, some e- mail services retain the mail at their computer (IMAP protocol), while others deliver the message to your machine (POP systems). If you use an IMAP system from a reputable mail provider, you will be very selective in choosing to make copies of only those e- mails you feel you should store for the ages.
What doesn't have to be backed up? The operating system or programs installed on your machine. Instead, keep the original installation discs and product keys or serial numbers to help you reinstall them in case of disaster.
Choosing the frequency of backup
The amount of time you allow to pass between data backups should be directly related to your personal and professional threshold of pain. If you lost everything you've done today, would that be the end around the globe, or merely need you to spend a few hours re- creating the files and other documents while they're still somewhat fresh in that other computer the one between your ears?
If you lost all the work you did today in addition to yesterday, that might be more than you're willing or able to stand. And if you were to lose the work of a week or a month or a year ... please stay away from open windows, railroad crossings, and tax collectors.
Because I spend nearly my entire business day parked in front of my laptop keyboard, I consider it essential to back up all my work daily. I use a mix of temporary backups to devices like flash memory keys, and more permanent weekly or monthly backups to removable media including DVDs and external hard disk drives. I've also experimented with automated online backup facilities that promise to keep me protected constantly, nearly up to the minute. And I know a few neat tricks for the road warrior, too.
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08192010
1. Quantum Cryptography
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