Diarrhea during chemotherapy and its complications

Diarrhea is more common than constipation and produces more deleterious effects. Otherwise promptly managed, diarrhea can result in serious problems for example dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, weakness, lethargy, and metabolic acidosis.

Diarrhea may be the passage of frequent and watery stools, in this context caused by the destruction of the GI epithelium by chemotherapeutic agents. Diarrhea is usually related to antimetabolite administration and it is a dose-limiting factor for 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan.

Other reasons for diarrhea, for example infection, intestinal obstruction, laxative abuse, and hypocalcemia, should be eliminated before initiating treatment.

Diarrhea is better managed by pharmacologic intervention with anticholinergic drugs and opiates. Octreotide, a reliable analogue of somatostatin, indicates efficacy because of its antisecretory effect in chemotherapy-induced diarrhea.

Patient education and chemotherapy

Measure the patient for indications of diarrhea and dehydration. Review these using the patient therefore the patient can monitor and self-report. Assess bowel function and elimination pattern. Monitor weight, intake and output, and electrolytes. Administer IV fluids or electrolytes as ordered.

Administer antidiarrheal medications as ordered. Explain medications towards the patient. Let the patient to consume a low-residue, high-protein, high-calorie diet, increase fluid intake, and steer clear of foods for example beans, peas, milk, and caffeine.

Avoid spicy and fats, alcohol, and tobacco. Instruct the individual to rehearse good perianal hygiene after each episode of diarrhea. Encourage rest and decreased activity. Consider discontinuing the drug or modifying the dose if diarrhea persists.

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