Before there were keyboards, there were typewriters, so you're probably wondering why using a keyboard warrants a place in this article at all. The reason is that using a computer keyboard is a lot different from using a typewriter, thanks to being able to assign multiple functions to each key through the use of the command, control, option, shift, fn, and alt keys.
The truth is that even experienced computer users rarely understand the full capabilities of the keyboard when it comes to special functions (like changing the brightness or ejecting a DVD) and using shortcuts. The layout of the standard computer keyboard (and that old typewriter in the attic) is called the QWERTY layout. This is because QWERTY are the first six letter keys in the top row. In addition to the letter keys, you'll notice a top row of function keys labeled f1 through f12, a row of number keys, and a numerical keypad somewhere on the right side.
On your bottom row, in addition to the spacebar, you'll find the special function keys, which include the fn, control, command, and option/ alt keys. You can use these in different combinations to access the special features of your keyboard. Consider your keyboard as command central—you can access nearly any function of your computer through just a few keystrokes.
Using a keyboard shortcut usually requires pressing one or more keys to access the function. When multiple keys are required, you press the modifier key first, hold it down, and then press the other key or keys. For example, the keyboard shortcut for copying selected text is command-c. That means you must press the command key and then the c key, so that they are depressed at the same time.
This is true of all key combinations, including command-x (cut), command-v (paste), and command-a (select all). option-command-w (close all open windows) means that you press and hold option, then command, and then the w key.
The fn (function) key is available on all built-in MacBook keyboards. Pressing this key in conjunction with other keys will give you access to additional key functions. You will notice that the top row of your keyboard has a number of symbols on each key.
These will vary depending on your specific model, but most include pictograms that relate to basic tasks like adjusting the brightness of your screen, opening the dashboard, and controlling DVD playback (fast forward, rewind, play, pause, and stop). You'll notice that on some keyboards, the functions that can be controlled with the fn key are a different color than the main key function.
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