The most common reason for hair loss in children is a fungal infection of the scalp called tinea capitis. This condition is rarely seen in adults. Depending on the severity of the infection, it can appear as a mild case of dandruff; reddened, circular areas of complete hair loss on the scalp that show whitish, scaly flakes; or a massive blister that covers the whole scalp. Often the infection is accompanied by swollen lymph nodes under the ear and on the back of the neck.
Outbreaks of tinea capitis aren't uncommon in schools. Doctors can make a definitive diagnosis by taking a fungal culture of the hair or looking at the hair under a microscope and noting the tiny fungal branches. The infection is treated with oral antifungal medicine usually taken for a period of several months.
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