Batteries

How to measure Battery Capacity and Power (08/19/2010)
(...) (Peak draw might occur in this situation: The LCD is fully lit, the graphics adapter is hard at work producing constantly changing, complex images derived from a DVD, a whole bunch of RAM is being powered, the hard drive is spinning, and the WiFi adapter is switched on.) Battery wattage or amperage With regards to the bucket of power called a battery, we're not quite at the stage where a small, lightweight laptop can acquire a kilowatt or more of stored power. Instead, we talk about watt hours or sometimes amp hours. (...)

Mining Other Sources of Power (08/19/2010)
(...) . and close to a pound of weight. Adding an external battery It's not the most elegant kind of the computer equivalent of adding a sidecar to a motorcycle or training wheels to a bicycle but another solution is to purchase and use an external, or auxiliary, battery. (...)

How to charge up your batteries (08/19/2010)
(...) The most typical design is a system called EmPower, which delivers DC current; you want a special adapter (available from either your laptop manufacturer or from a third party) to connect to your machine. Some airlines offer DC power through circular outlets similar to the ones you find in automobiles. And a handful of planes come equipped with 110 volts of AC power to some or all seats. (...)

All About Tens Units Electrodes (07/26/2010)
(...) They send calming and relaxing pulses from the unit pads through the skin. These pulses are the heart of the Tens units pads as they prohibit the pain signals from reaching the brain. Tens units electrodes have one more task to complete. (...)

The Concept of Smart Battery (06/28/2010)
(...) (The Forum is formed by these companies: Duracell, Energizer Power Systems, Fujitsu, Intel, Linear Technology, Maxim Integrated Products, Mitsubishi Electric Semiconductors, PowerSmart, Toshiba Battery, Unitrode, USAR Systems.) The objective behind the SBS was to transfer charge control from the charger to the battery. With an efficient SMBus, the battery becomes a master, tells the charger, acting as a slave, about its chemistry, voltage and size, and thus dictates the algorithm. (...)

An Overview On Battery Charging (06/28/2010)
(...) The electronic industry produces a number of ICs for the correct charging of batteries according to their chemistry. Original equipment manufacturers make their choice as a function of the IC performance and price. Therefore, they might want just a single chemistry charger (Ni–Cd/Ni-MH or Li-ion or Pb-acid), or a multi-chemistry, smart-battery-compliant charger/controller. (...)

Zinc Carbon Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) In practice, the reactions are rather complicated and depend on several factors, such as electrolyte concentration, temperature, rate and depth of discharge.These batteries can have a cylindrical or a flat configuration. In the former, a bobbin containing a mixture of MnO2, carbon black and electrolyte surrounds the carbon rod, serving as a current collector for the cathode (hence the name Zn-C). (...)

Alkaline Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) To this end, starch, cellulose derivatives or polyacrylates are often used. The anode also contains the electrolyte, that is an aqueous KOH solution (35-52%).The cathode is based on electrolytic MnO2, as only this form can grant high power and long shelf life. (...)

The Zinc/Silver Oxide Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) In commercial cells, the Zn powder is amalgamated with Hg to keep corrosion under control. A low percentage of Hg is permitted in these button cells, in view of the small amount of Zn: indeed, the maximum capacity is 165 mAh. Gelling agents, such as polyacrylic acid and the like, are added to the anode to facilitate electrolyte accessibility. (...)

The Zinc Air Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) The anode is formed by high surface area Zn powder mixed with the electrolyte and, in some cases, a gelling agent. The cathode region is quite complex: the holes allow air access; the air diffuser layer distributes O2 uniformly over the cathode; the hydrophobic Teflon layer is O2-permeable but limit water vapour access; and the air cathode is formed by a metallic mesh supporting the catalyst layer (carbon blended with Mn oxides and Teflon powder). The maximum current the cell can support depends on the O2 availability. (...)

Lithium Batteries Features (06/27/2010)
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Lithium/Sulphur Dioxide Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) The cell is pressurized (2 atm) to keep the electrolyte in the liquid state and a safety vent is incorporated in the cell to cope with pressure values exceeding certain limits (e.g. 24 atm). (...)

Lithium/Thionyl Chloride Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) However, AlCl3 dissolves the LiCl passivating film on Li, thus favouring its corrosion. For this reason, excess AlCl3 is only used in highrate reserve cells.Cells for low-rate applications are essentially constructed with a bobbintype configuration. (...)

Lithium/Manganese Dioxide Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) The laser sealing technology ensures a cell life of 10 years at room temperature and a wider temperature range. Indeed, these cells can be operated in the range -40 to 85C, while for those with crimp seals the range is -20 to 60C.In the bobbin structure, the amount of cathode is maximized to have high capacity and energy. (...)

Lithium/Carbon Monofluoride Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) Typical electrolytes useful for this system are LiAsF6 in butyrolactone (BL) or LiBF4 in PC-DME.Apart from the energy, the Li/CFx system has a number of pleasant features. Its operating voltage is flat and high (2. (...)

Lithium Ion Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) Carbons capable of Liþ intercalation can be roughly classified as graphitic and non-graphitic. Pure graphite is crystalline while non-graphitic carbons contain more or less extended amorphous areas. Both have been utilized as negative electrodes in Li-ion cells. (...)

Sodium/Sulphur Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) During charge, the reactions leading to Na2S3 are reversed and, in the final stages, there is a marked resistance increase due to the insulating character of sulphur. Therefore, the charge has to be stopped before complete Na recovery, and subsequent discharges provide 85–90% of the theoretical capacity. As already mentioned, this system has a high cyclability (up to 5000–6000 cycles). (...)

Sodium/Nickel Chloride (Zebra) Batteries (06/27/2010)
(...) Furthermore, Na is not initially included in the cell assembly, but produced in situ during charge, as the cell is assembled in the discharged state. The positive electrode is solid and this would pose problems, as the solid-solid interface with the electrolyte would not allow high currents. Therefore, a second electrolyte, NaAlCl4, which is liquid at the batteryoperating temperatures, is added. (...)

Types of batteries (06/26/2010)
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A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO GET THE MOST OUT OF YOUR LEAD ACID BATTERIES (05/12/2010)
(...) How does a battery work? In a normal battery we have three basic elements: one plate made of lead, an electrolyte of sulfuric acid and another plate made of lead oxide. When the battery is discharged, the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte reacts with the lead and lead oxide releasing electricity, forming lead sulfate. This leaves a watery electrolyte solution. (...)

Review of aa battery charger types (12/26/2009)
(...) Some people may prefer the design of the battery charger to be compact and handy which let them bring along easily during traveling.Another important feature to look at the battery charger should be the charging rate. With the latest technology used in the charger allow the battery to be quickly charged as fast as 4 minutes. (...)