Medicine Articles
What are CIS cells - ... the larynx may show invasive squamous cell carcinoma, one from the stomach, invasive adenocarcinoma, or one from the breast, infiltrating ductal ca...
Medicine
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Hearing aid help is now available for less money (12/10/2011)
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2. Different brands, kinds of - There are plenty of different assistive hearing devices nowadays that looking for the very best one for you can be very difficult to do. Through getting help you'll be able to understand information about each assistive hearing device before making your ultimate decision on the best one to get so you can hear again. (...)
Many cancer cases can be reduced each year (09/29/2011)
(...) , cancer prevention specialist in the Moores Cancer Center in the University of California, North park (UCSD) and colleagues estimate that 250,000 cases of colorectal cancer and 350,000 cases of cancer of the breast might be prevented worldwide by increasing intake of vitamin D3, particularly in countries north of the equator.
An overall total of 600,000 cases annually of breast and colorectal cancer might be prevented each year by adequate intake of vitamin D3. "For the first time, we're saying that 600,000 cases of breast and colorectal cancer might be prevented each year worldwide, including nearly 150,000 in the Usa alone," based on Dr. (...)
You need to take a break from the demands of diabetes (02/16/2011)
(...) " What's important is taking a "safe" vacation and making sure you come back from your vacation.
Taking breaks from your diabetes management helps you restore your energy and let go of stress, and it helps everyone around you; they benefit from your being less stressed. Parents of children with diabetes may think they can't ever take a break, but diabetes educator Betty Brackenridge says it's vital. (...)
How teenagers should take care of their diabetes (02/16/2011)
(...) "But parents in my workshop always nod their heads when I say, ‘If you're a worried parent now, you won't be able to stand it when your teen heads off to college and you don't trust that he can take care of himself. It's your job to apply consequences now to save your child from consequences later."
Clinicians agree that classes, support groups, and summer camps may help teenagers feel good about themselves. (...)
Managing diabetes: Fat, protein, and fiber affect blood sugar levels (02/15/2011)
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Winning strategies to help you follow your meal plan Although old restrictive diabetic diet has today morphed into a healthful eating plan, you might still need help sometimes sticking to your meal plan. Dietitian Fletcher recommends a diet strategy called "mindful eating." It helps break emotional eating habits. (...)
Refined carbohydrates increase the risk of diabetic complications (02/15/2011)
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Increased insulin resistance sets a vicious circle in motion: Your blood sugar levels rises further, you need more medication to lower it, which leads to more putting on weight and more insulin resistance. Further, putting on weight and insulin resistance can cause elevated blood fats and hypertension. These four conditions together are known as metabolic syndrome. (...)
The so called diabetic foods can raise your blood sugar even more (02/15/2011)
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You might not expect it, but sugar-free and diabetic foods could also contain a great deal of fat. Often, foods from which sweetening agents have been removed have fat added for a pleasing taste and texture.
Consuming sugar-free products for example diet soda and artificial sweeteners in moderation is definitely an simple and easy , generally satisfying method for saving calories. (...)
Weight loss may reduce your risk of diabetic complications (02/15/2011)
(...) Those who are obese may need to lose more weight to reap these benefits, but accomplishing this smaller weight reduction, diabetes educators say, helps inspire patients to go on and make larger improvements.
The first simple measure on your method to regaining health would be to check your weight against a typical weight chart, comparing your actual weight to the ideal weight for your height and frame. The average 5 foot 4 inch American female should weigh about one hundred and thirty-three pounds, with a range between 114 and 152 pounds. (...)
Diabetes complications: Foot problems can result in amputation (02/15/2011)
(...) He hadn't felt it whatsoever!" Lots of people walk barefoot on hot sand and burn their feet. Still others have walked around having a staple, tack, or nail that has gone right through their shoe and their foot, without knowing it's there.
Kathleen shared with me her story of unknowingly stepping on a staple eight in years past, an injury that led her to some wound clinic and, months later, necessitated the amputation of her big toe. (...)
Diabetic retinopathy: The most serious diabetes eye diseases (02/15/2011)
(...) To avoid continuing development of the condition, you need to keep your blood sugar, blood pressure level, and cholesterol levels as near to normal as you possibly can.
In proliferative retinopathy the small arteries in the retina become severely damaged and close off completely, and new arteries grow. The new vessels are abnormal and fragile and tend to break, releasing blood to the eye. (...)
Resolving diabetic foot pain with medication (02/15/2011)
(...) Hold this position for 5 to 10 seconds and then lower yourself slowly. Do this a few times as is comfortable, and work up to ten and then twenty repetitions. A more playful exercise is to determine whether, while steadying yourself against a wall or even the back of a chair, you can pick up a marble with your toes. (...)
Surgical management of exposed and infected orthopedic prostheses (02/10/2011)
(...) Wound infection could cause wound failure.
Wound failure, meanwhile, may cause implant contamination and subsequent infection. The most typical symptoms and signs and symptoms of infection following TKA and THA are pain, erythema and purulent wound drainage. (...)
Benign skin lesions in plastic surgery (02/10/2011)
(...) Like the seborrheic keratosis, multiple lesions may present in sun-exposed areas. It appears as a scaling, poorly demarcated plaque. Suspicious sites should undergo excisional biopsy. (...)
Plastic surgical approach of the basal cell and the squamous cell carcinoma (02/10/2011)
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Palpation of these flat lesions may reveal roughness that is not apparent on visual inspection. Due to the potential for progression to SCC, actinic keratoses are commonly treated by curettage and electrodessication, liquid nitrogen or topical 5-FU (Efudex).
Bowen's disease is a type of squamous cell carcinoma-in-situ marked by a solitary, sharply demarcated, erythematous, scaly plaque of the skin or mucous membranes. (...)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: risk factors and Mohs surgery (02/10/2011)
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Other features associated with higher risk of recurrence and metastases are rapid tumor growth, host immunosuppression, prior local recurrence, depth of invasion greater than 4 mm or into the subcutaneous tissues and location in a Marjolin's ulcer. Perineural invasion denotes a particularly poor prognosis and is lethal in a majority of patients by five years.
Treatment
With the exception of cryotherapy, treatment options for SCC are similar to those for BCC. (...)
Diagnosis and biopsy of malignant melanoma (02/10/2011)
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Biopsy can be done in the clinic with local anesthetic (a mixture of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, and an equal volume of 0.5% Bupivicaine). One must consider the relaxed skin tension lines and orientation as future wide local excision may be needed. (...)
Hemangioma: clinical observation, diagnosis and treatment (02/10/2011)
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Occasionally, the need for definitive distinction from a proliferating as well as an involuting hemangioma exists. Some markers of proliferating hemangiomas include VEGF, bFGF and PCNA. Involuting hemangiomas may have fewer levels of PCNA, more TIMP, endostatin, angiostatin and IL-12 along with an increased number of mast cells. (...)
Skin grafting and skin substitutes in plastic surgery (02/10/2011)
(...) The integument varies in thickness depending on anatomic location, sex and the age of the individual. On the back, buttocks, palms and soles of the feet, skin is often as thick as 4 mm or more.
In marked contrast, your skin from the eyelids, postauricular and supraclavicular region may be as thin as 0. (...)
Skin substitutes, wound coverage and closure (02/10/2011)
(...) The advantages are similar to Biobrane, but TransCyte is considerably more expensive. Cultured allogeneic keratinocytes are obtained from neonatal foreskin or elective surgical specimens, and are used to cover burn wounds, chronic ulcers and skin graft donor sites.
While they don't achieve wound closure, they are able to survive up to 30 months and produce growth factors that facilitate host dermal and epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation, but they are thin, fragile and require meticulous wound care to outlive. (...)
Burn wound and inhalation injury care (02/10/2011)
(...) It can be applied either daily or twice daily. In vitro studies have shown silver sulfadiazine to become active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans.
Minimal pain is assigned to its application and in fact, many patients think it is soothing when applied to partial-thickness burns. (...)
Chronic infected wound and surgical site infections following plastic surgery (02/09/2011)
(...) It may be either resident organisms, those that can typically be found on the subject's skin, or transients that in many cases are seen on the skin surface but they are quickly shed during normal body hygiene or by skin sloughing. While these organisms are often bacteria, the yeast Pityrosporum and skin mite Demodex are also commonly found. These colonizing microbes take residence in the crypts and crevices that favor bacterial growth, and stop pathologic species from accessing these areas. (...)
Antibiotics used in treating infected surgical wounds (02/09/2011)
(...) The classic "wet-to-dry" dressing is really a mechanically debriding dressing.
Chemical debriding agents are enzymatic compounds that break up tissue. They're best in moderately sized regions of necrosis or in those patients that will not tolerate an operation. (...)
Clinical assessment of the diabetic foot before plastic surgery (02/09/2011)
(...) 4-0.6 correlates with significant claudication along with a 10%-40% possibility of continuing development of disease to amputation or revascularization to avoid amputation. Most diabetics need an ankle pressure of at least 80 to 90 mm Hg to heal a digit or metatarsal amputation. (...)
Plastic surgery and wounds of vascular nature (02/09/2011)
(...) This pressure results from a malfunction of the valvular system in the deep veins of the leg. Normally, the retrograde blood circulation with each contraction from the calf muscle ("the muscle pump") is prevented by a valvular system present in the deep veins. This leads to an obligatory anterograde flow as pressure builds in the veins due to this muscular contraction. (...)
How a plastic surgeon works with irradiated tissue (02/09/2011)
(...) In either case, radiation administered is measured since the radiation absorbed dose (rad) or more recently, the Gray (Gy) unit. 1 Gray equals 100 rads. Each type of radiation has a characteristic depth of penetration that can be used to establish its impact on a lesion. (...)
Epidemiology and risk factors of pressure ulcers (02/09/2011)
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Pathophysiology
Pressure ulcers come from continual pressure that exceeds the standard capillary pressure (20-32 mm Hg) for a period of time that is sufficient to cause tissue death. Relieving pressure for a few minutes every hour will save the tissue from dying. The duration required for cell death to happen is variable, ranging from 4 hours for muscle to 12 hours for skin. (...)
Insulin produces minor weight gain for some diabetes patients (02/08/2011)
(...) Just like some medications, insulin may cause hypoglycemia. Thus your appetite increases and you may consume extra calories. Also, hypoglycemia can stimulate a particular panic that causes you to overeat in a rush to get your blood sugar support. (...)
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes might go away, but not the disease (02/08/2011)
(...) If you lose a few pounds, you might lose some of your insulin resistance. And if you're regularly physically active your insulin sensitivity may increase. Both may cause your insulin requirement to reduce, but neither will change the fact that you will always require some amount of insulin to handle your diabetes. (...)
Diabetes treatment options now include some innovations in glucose control (02/08/2011)
(...) Pfizer abandoned the product, and 2 other pharmaceutical companies that were conducting trials with inhalable insulin put on the brakes.
However, in a brand new York Times November 2007 report titled "Betting an Estate on Inhaled Insulin," entrepreneur Alfred E. Mann is so certain he is able to succeed with an inhalable insulin that he's putting $1 billion of their own money into redeveloping it. (...)
Many diabetic complications are asymptomatic (02/08/2011)
(...) Catching my cataract early and having my ophthalmologist keep an eye onto it (no pun intended), will enable us to take care of it as being soon as necessary and avoid a serious problem.
Peripheral neuropathy, harm to the nerves, causes lots of people to lose sensation in their feet. They are able to get cuts, burns, skin cracks, or blisters, as well as step on a nail, and not realize it! If these conditions isn't treated early, the tissue and bones from the feet can get infected and cause a foot ulcer, an incredibly serious condition. (...)
New types of insulin do not require consistent eating (02/08/2011)
(...) Their greatest advantage is when quickly they're going to work and how quickly they exit your body. They start working between five and fifteen minutes after injecting, peak in one to one . 5 hours, and clear out from the body within 3 to 4 hours. (...)
Diabetes and pregnancy: myths and facts (02/08/2011)
(...) This initial phase of being pregnant poses risks, including birth defects and spontaneous abortion, says Dr. Lois JovanoviO, MD, professor of drugs and chief scientific officer in the Sansum Diabetes Research Institute.
That is why it's important to be in a healthy body before you conceive. (...)
Every day life stress interferes with diabetes (02/08/2011)
(...) Surwit, PhD, vice chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and chief of the Division of Medical Psychology at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, has studied the impact of stress on diabetes for more than twenty years. Surwit says that in individuals with diabetes, stress, depression, and general psychological state greatly influence blood sugar levels. The good news? Learning to control stress can actually have a positive impact on blood sugar. (...)
Daily management of your diabetes depends on you (02/08/2011)
(...) Diabetes is a chronic illness that must be managed on a daily basis so that it does not further endanger your health or impinge on your ability to enjoy life.
Managing diabetes requires you to make everyday decisions about when, what, and just how much you eat; getting exercise into your day; taking your medicine; how you can keep your blood sugar levels in target range even when you're sick or stressed; ensuring that you've enough supplies on hand; scheduling and keeping doctor appointments; and getting your lab tests done.
You're the same person in your health care team
At the 2008 annual American Association of Diabetes Educators conference, Dr. (...)
Preparational principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery (02/07/2011)
(...) " That would be to say, the plastic surgeon should incorporate individual talents to develop a "personal style with individual flair." Advised to develop one primary capability and a number of secondary talents such as sculpture, music, writing or painting, the ideal plastic surgeon could be multi-talented for maximal depth and versatility in the operating room.
The fourth principle was to "acknowledge your limitations so as to do no harm," a self-evident principle that spoke to the temptation to persevere on a case with endless complications. (...)
Microvascular surgical methods of flap monitoring (02/07/2011)
(...) Failure will happen if the procoagulatory factors outweigh the intrinsic capability of the vessels, in particular intact and uninjured intima, to stop clot formation.
Flap option
The first step for success in microsurgery is flap option. The most important determining factors for flap option should be the surgeon's expertise and the goals of reconstruction. (...)
Insulin has many benefits for diabetes patients, but also side effects (02/02/2011)
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Diabetes educator Betty Brackenridge says the main reason why more patients aren't place on insulin sooner is physicians' personal lack of expertise with insulin and training in its use. Most medical students receive no more than one to two days of education on diabetes.
Endocrinologist Irl Hirsch says that when he brings medical students to his clinic and shows them a vial of insulin, it is the first time that most of them have ever seen it. (...)
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